方管按生產工藝:熱軋無縫方管、冷拔無縫方管、擠壓無縫方管、焊接方管。
Square tubes are produced according to production processes: hot-rolled seamless square tubes, cold-drawn seamless square tubes, extruded seamless square tubes, and welded square tubes.
焊接方管分為:
Welded square pipes are divided into:
(a)按工藝分為電弧焊方管、電阻焊方管(高頻和低頻)、氣焊方管和爐焊方管兩部分
(a) According to the process, it is divided into two parts: electric arc welding square tube, resistance welding square tube (high-frequency and low-frequency), gas welding square tube, and furnace welding square tube
(b)按焊縫分為直焊方管和螺旋焊方管
(b) Divided into straight welded square tubes and spiral welded square tubes according to the weld seam
材料分類
Material classification
方管按材質分為普通碳鋼方管和低合金方管。常用的碳鋼分為Q195、Q215、Q235、SS400、20 ×鋼、45 #鋼等;低合金鋼分為Q345、16Mn、Q390、St52-3等。
Square pipes are divided into ordinary carbon steel square pipes and low alloy square pipes according to their material. Commonly used carbon steel is divided into Q195, Q215, Q235, SS400, and 20 × Steel, 45 # steel, etc; Low alloy steel is divided into Q345, 16Mn, Q390, St52-3, etc.
生產標準分類
Production standard classification
方管分為國標方管、日標方管、英標方管、美標方管、歐標方管、非標方管。
Square tubes are divided into national standard square tubes, Japanese standard square tubes, British standard square tubes, American standard square tubes, European standard square tubes, and non-standard square tubes.
截面形狀分類
Classification of cross-sectional shapes
方管按截面形狀分類:
Square tubes are classified by cross-sectional shape:
(1)具有簡單截面的方管——方管和矩形方管
(1) Square tubes with simple cross-sections - square tubes and rectangular tubes
(2)復雜截面方管——花形方管、開口方管、波紋方管、異型方管
(2) Complex cross-section square tubes - flower shaped square tubes, open square tubes, corrugated square tubes, and irregular square tubes
表面處理的分類
Classification of surface treatment
方管按表面處理方式分為熱鍍鋅方管、電鍍鋅方管、涂油方管和酸洗方管
Square pipes are divided into hot-dip galvanized square pipes, electrogalvanized square pipes, oiled square pipes, and pickled square pipes according to surface treatment methods
使用分類
Use classification
方管分類利用平方為裝飾管,方管機床設備,方管的機械行業,方管為化工、廣場鋼結構管,方管為造船、方管為汽車、鋼鐵梁柱方管,方管專用
The classification of square tubes uses square as decorative tubes, square tube machine tool equipment, and square tube machinery industry. Square tubes are chemical and square steel structural tubes, square tubes are shipbuilding, square tubes are automobile and steel beam column square tubes, and square tubes are specialized for square tubes
壁厚分類
Wall thickness classification
方管按壁厚分類——超厚方管、厚壁方管和薄壁方管
Square tubes are classified by wall thickness - ultra thick square tubes, thick walled square tubes, and thin-walled square tubes
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方管性能
Square tube performance
1.塑性
1. Plasticity
塑性是指金屬材料在載荷作用下產生塑性變形而不損傷的能力。
Plasticity refers to the ability of metal materials to undergo plastic deformation without damage under load.
2.硬度
2. Hardness
硬度是衡量金屬材料軟、硬程度的指針。目前，生產中常用的硬度測量方法是壓制硬度法。它是用一定的幾何頭在一定的載荷下壓入金屬表面，并根據壓痕程度確定硬度值。
Hardness is a pointer that measures the softness and hardness of a metal material. At present, the commonly used hardness measurement method in production is the compaction hardness method. It uses a certain geometric head to press into the metal surface under a certain load, and determines the hardness value based on the degree of indentation.
常用的方法有布氏硬度(HB)、洛氏硬度(HRA、HRB、HRC)和維氏硬度(HV)。
The commonly used methods include Brinell hardness (HB), Rockwell hardness (HRA, HRB, HRC), and Vickers hardness (HV).
3.疲勞
3. Fatigue
以上所討論的強度、塑性和硬度是金屬在靜載荷下的力學性能。事實上，許多機械零件都是在循環載荷下工作的，在這種情況下，零件就會產生疲勞。
The strength, plasticity, and hardness discussed above are the mechanical properties of metals under static load. In fact, many mechanical parts work under cyclic loads, in which case the parts will experience fatigue.
4.韌性
4. Resilience
以大速度作用在機器上的載荷稱為沖擊載荷，金屬在沖擊載荷下抵抗損傷的能力稱為沖擊韌性。
The load acting on the machine at high speed is called impact load, and the ability of metals to resist damage under impact load is called impact toughness.
5.強度
5. Strength
強度是指金屬材料在靜載下抵抗破壞(過度塑性變形或斷裂)的能力。由于荷載作用方式有拉、壓、彎、剪等形式，強度也可分為拉強度、壓強度、彎強度、剪強度等。各種強度之間總有一定的聯系，拉伸強度是使用中基本的強度指標。
Strength refers to the ability of a metal material to resist failure (excessive plastic deformation or fracture) under static load. Due to the various forms of load action such as tension, compression, bending, and shear, strength can also be divided into tensile strength, compressive strength, bending strength, shear strength, etc. There is always a certain connection between various strengths, and tensile strength is the basic strength indicator in use.
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